Why Joint Tenancy is bad advice from lawyers? Why Joint Tenancy has no Asset Protection? The alternative is Intentionally Defective Irrevocable Grantor Type Trust.
Many estate planning attorneys unwittingly recommend the common ways to title property and have no idea that they are a disaster from an Asset Protection standpoint. We will look at a three common ways clients typically own their property, and why they are not good from an Asset Protection standpoint.
1. Joint Tenancy (J.T.) (also known as J.T. with rights of survivorship).
In layman’s terms, owning property as a J.T. allowed each J.T. the same rights, such as:
i) The right to use the whole property (with land, the right to occupy the entire property, with stocks or bank account money, and the right to spend the whole amount).
ii) The right to transfer the interest in the property without asking permission of the other co-owners.
iii) A survival right, such as when a joint tenant dies, the share of the deceased tenant automatically becomes that of the other co-owners. In other words, a joint tenant cannot transfer his/her interest at death.
Why is joint tenancy used? Unfortunately for many types of assets (such as bank accounts, brokerage accounts, and real estate). The reason is fairly simple: When one joint owner dies, the entire asset becomes that of the other joint tenant. What does this accomplish? Simple: It avoids probate.
That sounds wonderful. So why don’t I like joint tenancy?
(1) Joint tenancy can be severed. If one of the joint tenants sells or transfers his/her interest in the property, the joint tenancy becomes a tenancy in common (discussed in the next section).
(2) The joint tenancy is an asset of each co-owner and is subject to his/her creditors. So, if one joint owner was sued for malpractice and lost, the creditor could end up with that joint owner’s interest in the property, which would also partially destroy the joint tenancy; or potentially, the entire property could be sold to satisfy the debt of one of the co-owners.
Example: Dr. Smith owns property worth $1 million as joint tenants with his sister. Dr. Smith is sued for malpractice and has a judgment against him for $3 million (and he only has $1 million worth of malpractice insurance coverage). The creditor/patient can ask the court to sell Dr. Smith’s property that is owned by joint tenancy with his sister, or the creditor could ask the court to have Dr. Smith transfer his interest in the property directly to the creditor. Each transaction has its own consequences, but the bottom line is that the asset owned by a joint tenancy IS subject to the creditors of each co-owner.
(3) Gambling on life. Joint tenancy (unless severed) is a roll of the dice for the owners. Whoever lives the longest gets the asset. Most of the time, that is not the intent of the co-ownership arrangement, and many times, the people in a joint tenancy do not even realize the potential problems. This arises most often when a parent is trying to avoid probate and estate taxes on a piece of property and wants to give an equal share in the property to the children.
Summary on joint tenancy: Do not use J.T. for Asset Protection.
2. Tenants in Common (T.C.)
(Rights of an owner in property held as tenants in common).
i) Each owner of property held as tenants in common owns an undivided interest in the property. For example, three people (all with separate families) own a vacation home as 1/3 owner.
ii) The tenant in common interest is an asset of each co-owner and is subject to his/her creditors.
iii) The ownership interest of a tenant in common is transferable. Unlike a joint tenancy, if a tenant in common dies, the interest in the property would pass to the heirs like all other assets.
The main problem with T.C. is that the other tenant can do whatever he/she wants with his/her interest. Like what? One T.C. could take out a loan on his/her interest in the property. Additionally, the T.C. interest owned by one owner is subject to that owner’s creditors. So, if Dr. Smith owns a 1/2 interest in a $500,000 vacation condo as T.C. with his brother, Dr. Smith’s 1/2 interest can be taken from him in a medical malpractice or normal negligence case. There is no protection of that interest.
Summary of teants in common: Do not use T.C. as a way to protect your assets.
3. Tenancy by the Entirety (T.E.)
Characteristics of tenancy by the entirety:
i) Applies to married couples only.
ii) Property right is not divisible or alienable. Neither spouse can sell or encumber the property without the other’s approval.
iii) Provides additional protection over joint tenancy and tenants in common if only one of the spouses incurs a liability.
iv) Property is subject to joint creditors including the IRS.
v) Automatic rights of survivorship. (The property is automatically transferred to the spouse at the death of the other spouse).
Side note (Community Property (C.P.) States): Nine states treat the property of married couples differently from the other 41 states. These states are called “Community Property” states. They are:
- Arizona
- California
- Idaho
- Louisiana
- Nevada
- New Mexico
- Texas
- Washington
- Wisconsin
If you are married and live in a community property state, this property ownership rule applies: Each spouse’s interest in the community property is subject to the claims of the other spouse’s creditors (meaning all C.P. assets are at risk).
A quick bottom line with owning with your spouse in community property is that it is a terrible idea.
Pros of tenancy by the entirety: Asset Protection – If one spouse is sued, the property is not subject to creditors.
Cons of tenancy by the entirety: Asset Protection – Tenants by the entirety does not protect property from joint creditors of the spouses (such as the IRS or state government or a personal injury suit for negligence against the parents of a teenager still living in the home who got drunk from the parents’ liquor and killed someone in a drunk driving car crash).
Summary of tenancy by the entirety: Owning property as T.E. is better than a stick in the eye. It’s not available in most states and it does NOT protect assets from joint creditors.
Co-Ownership Conclusion: Never rely on co-ownership as a way to protect your assets. It doesn’t work. If you want to protect your assets, a better way is a surefire UltraTrust® – the ultimate Asset Protection Trust. Call us for a free initial 15-minute consultation at (888) 938-5872 to get your peace of mind back and protect your property and assets.
To learn more about how you can use an irrevocable trusts and discuss joint tenancy, co-ownership of assets, revocable living trusts and create a solid asset protection system call Estate Street Partners 888-93-ULTRA (888-938-5872).
To learn more about irrevocable trusts and estate planning visit:
- Asset Protection – Joint Tenancy & Community Property
- Asset Protection-General Partnership & Corporation
- What is Asset Protection Trust?
- How the Rich Hide Their Assets
- Offshore Asset Protection
- Getting Sued Hiding Assets
- Estate Planning & Trusts
- Living Revocable Trusts
- Revocable Trusts vs. Irrevocable Trusts